Method of utilizing products of combustion



(No Model.) 4 sheets-sheet 1. E. BIEDERMANN & E. W. HARVEY. METHOD 0F UTILIZING PRODUCTS 0F GOMBUSTION.

Patented May 5, 1891.

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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

E. BIEDERMANN 8v E. W. HARVEY. METHOD 0F UTILIZING PRODUCTS 0F GoMBUsTIoN.

No. 451,612. Patented May 5,1891.

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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

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No. 451,612. W Patented May 5, 1891.

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E. BIBDERMANN & E. W. HARVEY. METHOD 0F UTILIZING PRODUCTS 0F GUMBUSTIQN. No. 451,612.

Patented May 5,1891.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EMIL BIEDERMANN AND ERNEST IVILLIAM HARVEY, OF VESTMINSTER, ENGLAND, ASSIGNORS TO FREDERICK SIEMENS AND ALEXANDER SIEMENS, BOTII OF SAME PLACE.

METHOD OF UTILIZING PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION.

, SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 451,612, dated May 5, 1891.

Application filed September 27, 1890.` Serial No. 366,349. (No model.) Patented in England Novemberl, 1884, No. 15,127.

To all whom t 11i/ty concern,.-

Beit known that we, EMIL BIEDERMANN, a citizen of the Swiss Confederatiomand ERNEST WILLIAM HARVEY, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, both residing at l0 Queen Annes Gate, VeSIminster, in the county of Middlesex, England, have invented a new and Improved Method and Means of Utilizing Taste or other Gaseous Products of Combusio tion, (for which we have obtained a patent in Great Britain, dated the 18th of November, 1884, No. l5,127,) of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to an improved method of utilizing the waste products of combustion from regenerative gas-furnaces of that class in which the air used to support combustion is heated prior to its admission into the combustion-chamber of the furnace.

IIeretofore, so far as we are aware, the waste products of combustion from such furnaces have been impounded in regenerators, which in turn part with their heat to the gas and air supplied to the furnace. It has been proposed z 5 to utilize a portion of the gaseous products of combustion by causing such products to pass through incandescent fuel, so that the car bonic acid contained in the products of combustion may be converted vinto carbonio oxide,

3o mingled with the other gases employed, and returned to the furnace to be burned in the usual manner.

Our invention consists, essentially, in utilizing one portion of the products of combustion for heating the air used in combustion and the other portion to aid in heatingamass of fuel, whereby the combustible gases contained in the fuel are set free and the carbonic-acid gas contained in the portion of the 4o products of combustion transmitted through the incandescent mass of fuel will be transformed from carbonio acid or anhydride into combustible carbonic oxide. As is well known, the production of carbonic oxide is the result of the decomposition of the carbonio acid formed, in the first instance, above the grate by the incandescent carbon in the upper portion of the producer according to the equation CO2-$02900. Carbonio acid at a high tem- 5o perature is produced by the development of heat in the lower layers of the fuel, which is transformed with thc absorption of heat Into carbonio oxide in traversing the redfhot fuel above, while hydrocarbons are distilled from the coal used and leave the producer with the carbonio oxide produced. In our improved process a portion of the products of comlbustion, together with such a quantity of air or oxygen as may be necessary to support combustion, is delivered under a mass of incandescent fuel, such as is usual in a gas-producer. The gases which are the product of combustion consist of carbonic acid, water in a gaseous state, and nitrogen, all in an intensely hot condition. In an ordinary gas-producer, if air or oxygen be admitted under a grate filled with incandescent coke, carbonio acid will be forlnedin the lower zone and produce a certain quantity of heat. This carbonio acid will be decomposed in the upper zone and absorb a portion of this heat. From this reaction itwill be seen that the weight of carbon ygasiied in the lower zone is equal to that of the carbon gasiiied in the upper zone. I-Ience if we suppress the production of carbonic acid and replace it, as we do in our improved method, by the superheated carbonic acid of that portion of the products of combustion diverted through the fuel a saving of half of the fuel will be cffected.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate our invention, similar letters of reference indicate like parts.

Figures l and 2 are longitudinal and transverse sections of a furnace provided with a retort-chamber. Figs. 3 and 4 are similar views illustrating a modification of'such furnaces. Figs. 5, 6, and 7 are transverse sections through a furnace provided with a single producer and a pair of regenerators. Fig. S is a transverse section through a furnace provided with two gas-producers and two regenerators. Fig. 9 is avertical section through a gas-producer of such a furnace. Fig. lO is a transverse section through a furnace provided With suitable regenerators, and illustrates the position of a gas-duct between two producers. Fig. 1l is a vertical section through one of thc producers on the lineX X IOO of Fig-.10. Fig. l2 is a transverse section through one of the gas-producers provided with an independent duct for drawingl olf thc hydrocarbons.

5 The principle of operation is the saine in all the figures. In Figs. l, 2, 3, and t one por tion of the products of combustion from the retort-chamber R is carried down the filles A and delivered under the mass of fuel in the xo producer F, the movementof the gases in the direction indicated being effected by the jet B, Figs. I and 2. The other portion of the products of combustion is transmitted through one or both of the regenerative chambers S.

In Figs. 5 and (i the products of combustion are carried down the left-hand side of the iigurc to gas-producer F and regenerator S, and the converted gas and heated air carried back to the combustion-chamber through 2o the flue A and from the regenerator S. This arrangement permits the reversal of the direction of the products of combustion, so as to permit of the heating of the regenerator.

In Fig. (i reversing-valves V V and IV W are shown, and the position of the jets B and B is altered. The same is true of Fig. 7.

In Fig. S two fuel-chambers are shown on cach side of the furnace. The products of combustion in this case descend by fine A and divide between the producer F and regenerator S. The gas passing through the producer F and regenerator S is carried by tine II to producer F', through producer F to ilue A', where it unites with the air from regenerator N to be carried back to the furnace.

C and C are small openings through which air or oxygen may bc admitted to aid combustion, if required.

40 Fig. IO shows a similar arrangement to Fi 8, the gas-producers F F in this case being divided by a longitudinal partition I. The direction of flow of the products of combustion is the same. The gas-tine Il is located at the lower portion of the furnace, and the gas is transmitted upward through the producer F', instead of downward, as in Fig. S.

In Fig. l2 a separate tiue L is provided at the top of the producer, through which the hydrocarbons may be carried away separately from the gases derived from the products of combustion, which are carried downward through the mass of fuel and out by iiue II.

IVe do not limit ourselves to any specific construction of furnace, as it is evident that our improved method of utilizing the waste products of combustion may be employed in many different classes of furnace. In the several figures of the drawings we have shown 6o one portion of the products of combustion as transmitted through the fuel of the gas-producer. It is evident that the conversion of the carbonic acid of the spent gases into carbonic oxide may be effected in any mass of fuel arranged independently of the gas-pro ducer which generates the hydrocarbon gases combined with the converted gases for use in" the combustion-chamber.

Ie claim as our invention- 7o I. The herein-described method of utilizingthe waste products of combustion from a regenerative gas-furnace, which consists in extracting the heat from one portion of said products, thereby heating the air used in combustion and transmitting the remaining portion, together with air or oxygen, through a mass of fuel to heat it, generate carbonic oxide, and convert the carbonic acid of the spent gases so transmitted into carbonio oxide, and 8o burning the resultant gases in said furnace.

2. The herein-described method of utilizing the waste products of combustion from a regenerative gas-furnace, which consists in extracting the heat from one portion of said products, thereby heating the air used in combustion, and in transmitting the remaining portion, together with air or oxygen, through more than one independent mass of fuel to heat them, generate carbonio oxide, and con- 9o vert the carbonio acid of the spent gases so transmitted into carbonio oxide, and finally burning the resultant gases in said furnace.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification, in the presence of two subscribin g witnesses, this Sth day of July,

EMIL BIEDERMANN. ERNEST WILLIAM HARVEY.

'itnesses to the signature of Emil Biedermann:

OLlvER IMRAY,

U. S. Patent Agent. J'No. P. M. MILLARD, Clerk, 28 Southampton Buildings, London,

T/V. C.

XVitneSSes to the signature ot' Ernest William Harvey:

JOHN G. BUCHANAN,

Apprentfce-at-Law, VDmabcw'zfon. CHARLES R. SMITH,

Cler7r.-otLaw, l)umbarton. 

